R
Real estate secured personal lending
This exposure class includes residential mortgages and home equity lines of credit extended to individuals.
Regulatory capital
Basel III regulatory capital, as defined by OSFI's Capital Adequacy Requirements Guideline, comprises Common Equity Tier 1, Additional Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. Common Equity Tier 1 includes common shares, retained earnings and AOCI (excluding AOCI relating to cash flow hedges), less regulatory adjustments for items such as goodwill and other intangible assets, deferred tax assets, assets related to defined benefit pension plans, and certain investments. Additional Tier 1 capital primarily includes preferred shares and innovative Tier 1 notes. Tier 2 capital consists primarily of subordinated debentures. Both OSFI and BCBS have amended the rules on instruments that can be considered qualifying Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital instruments for the purposes of calculating regulatory capital under Basel III. In particular, capital instruments must be capable of absorbing loss at the point of non-viability of a financial institution in order to qualify as regulatory capital. The instruments that no longer qualify under Basel III will be excluded from regulatory capital at a rate of 10% per annum commencing January 1, 2013 through to January 1, 2022. Basel II regulatory capital comprises Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital. Tier 1 capital comprises common shares, retained earnings, preferred shares, innovative Tier 1 notes, non-controlling interests, contributed surplus, and foreign currency translation adjustments. All Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital elements are net of trading short positions. Goodwill and gain on sale of applicable securitized assets is deducted from Tier 1 capital. Tier 2 capital comprises subordinated debt and eligible collective/general allowance. Both Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital are subject to certain other deductions on a 50/50 basis.
Repo-style transactions (Repos) exposure
The amount of credit risk exposure resulting from our securities bought or sold under resale agreements, as well as securities borrowing and lending activities.
Retail portfolios
A category of exposures that includes primarily consumer but also small business lending, where the primary basis of adjudication relies on credit scoring models.
Risk-weighted assets (RWAs)
RWAs consist of three components: (i) RWAs for credit risk are calculated using the AIRB approach and Standardized Approach. The AIRB RWAs are calculated utilizing PDs, LGDs, EADs, and in some cases maturity adjustment, and the Standardized Approach applies risk weighting factors specified in the OSFI guidelines to on- and off-balance sheet exposures; (ii) RWAs for market risk in the trading portfolio are statistically estimated based on models approved by OSFI with the exception of the RWAs for traded securitization assets where we are using the methodology defined by OSFI; and (iii) RWAs for operational risk relating to the risk of losses from inadequate or failed processes, people and systems are calculated under the AMA approach.