What is Credit?

Credit is a deferred payment arrangement between a borrower and a lender that facilitates access to funds for repayment at a later date. Common types of credit include installment loans for large purchases such as a home or a car, as well revolving credit arrangements including credit cards and lines of credit.

Types of credit fall under two main categories: Secured, where the borrower pledges a specific asset (such as investments or a home) as collateral; and unsecured, where funds are borrowed without collateral. Given the reduced risk to the lender, secured forms of credit usually offer lower interest rates and higher credit limits.
 

The cost of credit

To cover the risk and costs associated with extending credit, a lender will charge the borrower interest or service charges depending on the agreement. These extra charges - the cost of credit - consist of any amount that exceeds the amount borrowed (the principal).

The amount of interest you are charged by a lender is determined by several factors. These include the prime rate, the type of lending product you want, the amount you wish to borrow, and the term over which you plan to pay the funds back. Of primary concern to a lender however, is your "creditworthiness" or ability to repay the loan. Before extending any kind of credit, a lender will carefully consider your income, the amount of debt you already have and your repayment history.
 

Why use credit?

Access to credit lessens the burden of paying cash outright for high-cost items, allowing you to spread the expense out over time. Credit is what makes purchasing major items like homes and cars possible for most Canadians, even those with substantial savings. Credit is also convenient, safe and easy to manage provided you stay on top of your monthly obligations.
 

Maintaining good credit

Establishing and maintaining good credit is essential in using lending products for major purchases. Keep your credit in good standing by honouring the terms of your agreements. Missing payments, making late payments or consistently exceeding your authorized credit card limit will negatively impact your credit privileges in the future. Every form of credit you carry, regardless of the amount, is an important part of your credit history and can affect your credit rating.

To get a copy of your credit report, contact one of the credit bureaus directly at:

• TransUnion Canada: 1-866-525-0262www.tuc.ca
• Equifax Canada: 1-800-465-7166www.equifax.ca